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Medical social work or Med.SW is a sub-discipline of social work, also known as Hospital social work and Healthcare Social Work. Medical social workers typically work in a hospital, outpatient clinic, community health agency, skilled nursing facility, long-term care facility or hospice. Social workers in this field have a graduate (post graduate) degree or a bachelor's degree with graduate/post graduate diploma in healthcare specialization, and work with patients and their families who face certain psychosocial barriers. Medical social workers assess the psychosocial functioning, environmental and support needs of patients and families and intervene as necessary. Interventions may include connecting patients and families to necessary resources and supports in the community; providing psychotherapy, supportive counseling, or grief counseling; or helping a patient to expand and strengthen their network of social supports. Medical social workers typically work on an interdisciplinary team with professionals of other disciplines (such as medicine, nursing, physical, occupational, speech and recreational therapy, etc.) "The medical social worker seeks to remove those obstacles, either in the patient’s surroundings or in their mental attitude, that interfere with successful treatment, thus freeing the patient to aid in his recovery as a whole person” - Ida Cannon, 1923 ==History== In the early twentieth century, social work established itself as a vocation committed to major social reform, social change and the eradication of poverty. Over time, it shifted from a religious and charitable practice to a more systematic, professional one. Along with this, social service shifted from a privately funded and volunteer activity to a publicly funded, paid occupation. Britain and Ireland are the first nations who acknowledged the need of Medical Social Workers to extend the clinical care in administrative and support aspects. Medical social workers in Britain and Ireland were previously known as Almoners, or Hospital Almoners, they were competent personnel's of education and refinement who could consider and screen the position and circumstances of patients.〔Gehlert & Brown, 2012〕 In Ireland, the origins of medical social workers go back to Dr. Ella Webb, who, in 1918, established a dispensary for sick children in the Adelaide Hospital in Dublin, and to Winifred Alcock, who trained as an Almoner and worked with Dr. Webb in her dispensary. In 1945, the Institute of Almoners in Britain was formed, which, in 1964, was renamed as the Institute of Medical Social Workers. The Institute was one of the founder organizations of the British Association of Social Workers, which was formed in 1970. In Britain, medical social workers were transferred from the National Health Service (NHS) into local authority Social Services Departments in 1974, and generally became known as hospital social workers. In United States Richard Clarke Cabot in Massachusetts General Hospital created the position of Hospital Social Worker or Medical Social Worker in the early 1900s. This was important from an epidemiological point of view, as it made it easier to control and prevent outbreaks of syphilis and tuberculosis.〔Beder, J. (2006).Hospital Social Work: The interface of medicine and caring. Routlege: New York〕 The prestige of social work rose up in USA with war related activities such as the Red Cross home services. The earliest forms of social work activities were started in India from time immemorial. In ancient India, the nature of social service was that of charity. Mutual help and reciprocal relationship was very high in the community. People believed that "to serve man is to serve God" (manavaseva madhavaseva). People were encouraged to practice the virtue Dana. Dana was treated as a way of purifying the soul of alms-givers and it was a great relief to both the giver and the receiver. In the Rig Veda (Chapter 1 XIII, 2) which encourages charity by saying "May the one who gives, shine the most". Upanishad prescribed that every house holder must practise charity. Bhagavat Gita insisted that the privileged class has a moral duty to serve the poor. Modern social work was introduced in India by Christian Missionaries in the beginning of 19th century, which was later strengthened by Rajaram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Sasipade Banerjee, Sayyid Ahmed Khan, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Jyotirao Phule and Dhondo Keshav Karve. In 1905 by the efforts of John Morely, provisions were made for special care to mentally ill by psychiatric social workers. The formal training in social work was started in India in 1936 by Clifford Marshall (Missionary) at Dhorabji Tata School of Social Work (Now TISS) at Mumbai. The major associations of social work are NAPSWI (National Association of Professional Social Workers in India) and ISPSW (Indian Society of Professional Social Work). India is a signatory to the Alma Ata Declaration and has adopted the principles of WHO. In 1945 Bhore Committee Report strongly recommended the appointment of medical social workers in hospitals. The earliest records show that the first medical social worker was appointed in 1946 in J.J. Hospital, Bombay. In 20th century the Government of India has legislated that every hospitals should have a medical social work department able to cater various needs of the patients and later extended this requirement of a trained social worker in psychology and related fields within Schools. 〔Encyclopedia of Social Work in India Volume I-IV〕〔Sanjay Bhattacharya, Social Work: An Integrated Approach〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Medical social work」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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